Eminyakeni yamuva nje, njengohlobo olusha lomkhiqizo wokubopha,izinzipho ezihlanganisiwebathole ukuqashelwa kwemakethe ngokushesha futhi bathandwa ngamakhasimende ngenxa yokonga kwabo umsebenzi, izici ezilula, ezisebenza kahle neziphephile, futhi babonise ukuthuthuka okusheshayo. Uma iqhathaniswa nendlela yokubopha yebholithi yokunweba evamile, inezinzuzo ezimbili ezivelele.
Okokuqala, i-nail ehlanganisiwe inamandla ayo futhi ayidingi ukuxhunywa kugesi noma igesi. Ilula futhi iyaphatheka futhi ingaqedela umsebenzi wokubopha njeisibhamu sezinziphokanye ne-fastener ehlanganisiwe.
Okwesibili, asikho isidingo sokumba indawo ephezulu, ukwakhiwa kulula futhi kuyashesha, amandla okusebenza aphansi, ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa kuthuthukiswa kakhulu (izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-20), futhi izindleko zokwakha ziyancipha kakhulu.
Njengamanje, izipikili ezihlanganisiwe emakethe zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ngokuya ngezingxenye zazo: izinzipho ezihlanganisiwe eziqhuma kanambambili, izinzipho ezihlanganisiwe ze-nitrocellulose, kanye“multi-base explosive”izinzipho ezihlanganisiwe. Ngakho-ke, yimuphi umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezintathu zezipikili ezihlanganisiwe, futhi kufanele sikhethe kanjani?
Ukwakheka
1.1iziqhumane ezinezisekelo ezimbili akhiwe nge-nitrocellulose (NC, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-nitrocellulose) kanye ne-nitroglycerin (NG), ikakhulukazi efomini eliyimbudumbudu. I-Granulariziqhumane ezinezisekelo ezimbili kufanele yenziwe nge-nitrocellulose ehlangabezana nezidingo ze-GJB 3204A-2020 kanye ne-nitroglycerine ehlangabezana nezidingo ze-GJB 2012-1994 njengezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko, futhi akumele iqukathe iziqhumane, izimpushana zensimbi, izinto ezibangela amandla omlilo, iziqhumane eziqinile nama-oxidants angavunyelwe. Kunqunywa umbuso. Inezici zamandla aphezulu, i-hygroscopicity ephansi, ukuzinza okuhle komzimba, nokusebenza okuzinzile kwe-ballistic.
1.2 I-Nitrocellulose (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-single-base explosive) yakhiwe kuphela i-nitrocellulose futhi ngokuvamile iyisilinda. Iziqhumane ze-cylindrical single-base kufanele zenziwe nge-nitrocellulose ehlangabezana nezidingo ze-GJB 3204A-2020 njengempahla eyinhloko esetshenziswayo, enokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen okungengaphansi kuka-12.60%. Akumele ziqukathe iziqhumiso, izimpushana zensimbi, izinto ezishisayo, iziqhumane eziqinile noma ama-oxidant kanye nezingxenye zamandla ezenqatshelwe umbuso. Ilula ngokuqhathaniswa.
1.3 I“iziqhumane ezinezisekelo eziningi”empeleni engeza izithuthukisi zamandla, ama-oxidants aqinile, ne-nickel hydrazine nitrate (i-oxidant enqatshelwe umbuso) nezinye izinto kuzimpushana ezinesisekelo esisodwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza komkhiqizo wazo futhi kuzuze umphumelaiziqhumane ezinezisekelo ezimbili. . Isizathu esibalulekile ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ku-nitrocellulose esetshenzisiwe kuphansi kakhulu kuno-12.60%. Ikakhulukazi uma ixubene nama-detonator kanye ne-single-base gunpowder, ukuphepha nokuzinza kwe i“iziqhumane ezinezisekelo eziningi”bampofu ngokwedlulele. Izingozi eziningi zokuphepha ezenzeke ezweni lonke eminyakeni emithathu edlule ziyizifundo ezibuhlungu. Ukwengeza ama-oxidants angavunyelwe kungase kudale ukwephulwa noma ubugebengu. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezintathu zeziqhumane,iziqhumane ezinezisekelo ezimbili ziphakeme futhi zinokuphepha okukhulu nokuzinza.
Ukubukeka
2.1 Ukubukeka kwesipikili esihlanganisiwe sokuqhuma okubili kumnyama kancane.
2.2 Izinzipho ezihlanganisiwe ze-nitrocellulose kanye “iziqhumane ezineziqhumane eziningi”abe nokubukeka okuhlanzekile futhi akukho ukungcola, anemibala ehlukile ebomvu nemhlophe.
2.3 Isiqhumane sesipikili esihlanganisiwe seziqhumane sisesimweni sama-granules.
2.4 I-Nitrocellulose kanye nalokho okuthiwa“ukuqhuma okusekelwe okuningi”izipikili ezihlanganisiwe ngokuvamile ziyi-cylindrical.
Ukusebenza
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ezimbili, izindleko zokukhiqiza izipikili ezihlanganisiwe eziqhuma kanambambili ziphakeme kancane, kodwa ukuphepha nokusebenza kwazo kuvelele kakhulu, kuboniswa ikakhulukazi ezicini ezine ezilandelayo.
3.1 Inamandla aphezulu, ukungaguquguquki okuhle, ukusebenza okuzinzile kanye nezimo ezibanzi zohlelo lokusebenza. Ingahlangabezana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi izimo zamandla aphezulu, okuyenza ibe yinketho engcono kakhulu.
3.2 Ukuphepha okuphezulu, i-detonator itholakala ngaphansi kwegobolondo futhi idinga indlela ethile yokuqhumisa. Nokho, ekhona okuthiwa“iziqhumane ezinezisekelo eziningi”engeza izingxenye ze-detonator kuziqhumane, ezidinga ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu, ukuthutha, ukugcinwa nokusetshenziswa. Noma yikuphi ukukhishwa noma umthelela phakathi nalezi zinqubo kungase kubangele izingozi ezibucayi zokuphepha futhi kudale izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha.
3.3 Umkhiqizo unokusimama okuhle.iziqhumane ezinezisekelo ezimbili zikwazi ukumelana nokuswakama okuphezulu ngokwedlulele, aziwumumbi umswakamo osemoyeni, futhi cishe zingawubambi umlilo. Okuthiwa“iziqhumane ezinezisekelo eziningi”zine-hygroscopic kakhulu futhi azikwazi ukuqhumisa, zidale imililo engalungile. Ngenxa yokusabela kwe-exothermic okwenzeka lapho umswakama udonswa, kunengozi yokusha okuzenzakalelayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokushisa.
3.4iziqhumane ezinezisekelo ezimbili zinobungani kakhulu nezibhamu zezinzipho, azigqwali, futhi azikhethi ngamathuluzi, kuyilapho zibizwa ngokuthi“iziqhumane ezinezisekelo eziningi”zigqwala kakhulu izibhamu zezinzipho futhi zenze amathuluzi angasebenziseki, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa kanye nezindleko ezikhulayo. Izingozi ezibulala kakhulu ukugqwala kwezinzipho neziphanyeko zensimbi. Isihluthulelo sazo zonke izinjongo zokwakha zokubopha ukuqina kanye nesikhathi sezipikili nama-hangers ensimbi. Ngenxa yokugqwala, kulula ukuwa noma ukuwa, kubangele ukulahlekelwa impahla noma ngisho nokuphila, okufana nobugebengu!
Isiphetho
Kuwo wonke umlando wokwakhiwa kwezibhamu nezinhlamvu emhlabeni jikelele, indlela yokudubula + yeziqhumane iseyindlela yendabuko ethuthuke kakhulu yesintu. Ezinye izindlela, njengokuhlanganisa iziqhumane neziqhumane, azikho isayensi nokusebenza. Ngenxa yezimpawu zayo zemvelo,iziqhumane ezinezisekelo ezimbili sekuye kwafakazelwa amakhulu eminyaka futhi azinakushintshwa mayelana nokuphepha, ukuzinza nokwethembeka.
Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha i-double-base explosivekuhlanganisiwe izipikili nakanjani inketho yakho ekahle kakhulu futhi ehlakaniphe kakhulu!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-27-2024